In 1941, the artist Emma Kunz (1892-1963) discovered a type of powder in the Roman mines of Würenlos, northwest of Zurich, which she named AION A. It turned out to be a remedy for inflammation, and the Swiss visionary used it to treat the quarry owner’s son for polio. “Würenlos is a powerful place in the middle of nature, it has a magical atmosphere and transmits a lot of energy. The first time I visited, I felt like electricity was running through the walls,” explained Yasmin Afschar, art historian and the curator of a new exhibition of Kunz’s work. Called Emma Kunz Cosmos: A visionary in dialogue with contemporary art, the show will be on display at the Tabakalera in the Spanish city of San Sebastián until June 19.
Afschar’s first contact with Kunz’s work was in these quarries, now known as the Emma Kunz Zentrum (Emma Kunz Center), before she became acquainted with her conceptual artworks. “Kunz always considered herself a scientist, and people came to her as a healer. She also possessed great knowledge about the medicinal use of plants, and she was a great naturopath. But there was also her artistic side,” reflected Afschar a few hours ahead of the exhibition opening.
Kunz created more than 500 works as tools to cure her patients, but none of them saw the light of day until 1973 – 10 years after her death – when they were exhibited for the first time at the Aargauer Kunsthaus art center in the Swiss town of Aarau. After being shown at the 2013 Venice Biennale and then at London’s Serpentine Gallery in 2019, interest in Kunz’s work has grown. “The figure of Emma Kunz, who never defined herself as an artist nor exhibited during her lifetime, allows us to inquire into the redefinition of what art is and who artists are,” explained Clara Montero, the Tabakalera’s cultural director.
A dialogue has been created between 40 of her drawings and the work of 18 international and local artists in the Tabakalera’s main hall, showing Kunz’s life and work against the backdrop of contemporary creatives. “The fascination for Emma Kunz is now greater than ever, and she could be considered an artist’s artist. In a contemporary space like the Tabakalera, it is unusual for us to dedicate an exhibition to a historical figure who died 60 years ago, but we think she deserves it. The exhibition not only delves into the figure of Emma Kunz, but also into the relevance of her ideas and approaches,” Clara Montero added. The group show, developed together with the Aargauer Kunsthaus museum, includes contemporary drawing (Diego Matxinbarrena), painting (Agnieszka Brzeżańska, Mathilde Rosier), photography (Joachim Koester), sculpture (Nora Aurrekoetxea, Goshka Macuga), neon installations (Mai-Thu Perret), video projections (Shana Moulton) and an interactive installation exploring childhood fears by Brazilian artist Rivane Neuenschwander.
A photograph of Emma Kunz.Emma Kunz Foundation
Categorizing Kunz’s art is as complex as her multifaceted identity. Born in the Brittnau countryside, she was convinced that she possessed clairvoyant and telepathic powers from an early age, and wanted to use them to help others. Without any academic training but guided by a holistic awareness of her fellow human beings, she treated a large number of patients using herbal concoctions and the creation of drawings with strict geometric rules on a large scale. Kunz largely worked with a pendulum, compass and ruler, the pendulum consisting of a chain and two balls – one of silver and the other of jade – to pick up electrical stimuli. By swinging the pendulum, she marked the points and central lines of its trajectory, and then joined them with a pencil. On graph paper, Kunz assigned sections colors and shapes, which she then drew and filled in sessions lasting up to 48 hours without breaks.
The results were patterns that mutated into infinite, vibrant geometries. “Mathilde Rossier, one of the artists present at the show, saw a person stand for 10 minutes with her eyes closed in front of one of her works,” noted Yasmine Afschar. For Tabakalera’s cultural director, the way the human eye is drawn to her work has a double effect: “Her work has a quality that invites us to look at it in great detail and discover its meticulous creation. But we can also do so with a certain distance, to see if we are able to identify the patterns, and that order, rhythm and energy that Kunz was looking for.”
The artwork ‘No. 393’ by Emma Kunz.Emma Kunz Foundation
The absence of dates or titles on her work makes chronology difficult, although those close to her suggest that the first drawings date from 1938 and lasted until the end of her life. If we consider Wassily Kandinsky’s essay On the Spiritual in Art (1911) and the more prolific work of fellow artist Paul Klee, it would be logical to classify Kunz’s art as abstract, but the absence of any contact with the art scene in her lifetime forces us to discard this hypothesis. “Emma Kunz had a very traditional way of understanding art. The only artists she knew were Swiss landscape artists, with very classical notions of painting. Her drawings follow a pattern of abstraction and use the same geometric language but their intention is quite the opposite of that abstract, modernist idea of l’art pour l’art. Kunz pursued a purpose, an objective,” explained Afschar, namely to help heal her patients. Kunz never considered herself an artist as such, “basically because the conventional idea she had of art was not what she was doing,” the curator concluded.
With no real written documentation to back it up, the most widespread theory is that the cross structures in her drawings are linked to moral and religious categories; the eternal above, the earthly below, evil on the left and good on the right. “According to the testimony of some neighbors and friends, everything indicates that Kunz was fairly close to Christianity. This is seen in the repeated use of crosses symbolizing the division between good and evil. However, this also invites us to think about the relationship between man and woman, or that of life itself with the cosmos,” said Afschar.
Emma Kunz‘s work ‘No. 20,’ which is believed to be her prediction of the atomic bomb. Emma Kunz Foundation
The most controversial idea surrounding her work concerns work No. 20, which Kunz produced after the outbreak of World War II in 1939. A hundred or so red rays pass through two thick, black lines, and are said to be Kunz’s interpretation of the future of the war. Contemporaries venture it was her way of conceptualizing a weapon with the potential to destroy the world. “Yes, it is often thought to be related to the atomic bombs that detonated in Japan in 1945, but these are only hypotheses,” noted Afschar.
The metaphysical charge of her work, and a possible link to esotericism and pseudo-scientific methods that raged in the first half of the 20th century, have set Kunz’s work in the canon of other female figures who also acted as mediums through their art, such as Georgiana Houghton, Agnes Martin and Hilma af Klint. She has another parallel with the latter. Despite having academic training and cultivating abstraction before Kandinsky or Mondrian, Af Klint expressly wanted her work to be exhibited only after 20 years had passed since her death. Emma Kunz has joined that long list of female artists and pioneers who still do not have their merited place in the art books, but whose work is better known than ever.
Mexico City, the scene of revenge, blood and torture in the new installment of ‘Saw’ | Culture
Screenwriter Leigh Whannell was unhappy with the work he was doing and began to suffer from migraines. He was convinced he might have a brain tumor and went to a neurologist for an MRI. Sitting in the office, he thought, what if you were to receive the news that you had a brain tumor and were going to die soon? How would you react to that? Those thoughts led him to create the character of John Kramer, a cancer-stricken sociopath whose resentment and inordinate attachment to life turn him into a merciless judge, jury and executioner, allowing his victims to decide their lives and the lives of others through twisted games.
Along with his colleague filmmaker James Wan, Whannel thought outside the box. Both are avid consumers of horror films, and they came up with the idea of starting a movie with two men chained in a bathroom, with a corpse in between them, not knowing what the hell had happened; Kramer is behind them, pulling the strings that decide their fate. Thus, Saw was born in 2004. The movie was well received at Sundance and the Toronto Film Festival. Lionsgate invested a budget of barely $1 million in the project and ended up making over $100 million at the box office.
A still shot from the film shows the outside of a building in Mexico City at night.Lionsgate
Eight sequels and $1 billion in revenues at the box office later, Saw is back with a new installment. This is the franchise’s tenth movie, its first in over seven years. This time, the action takes place in Mexico City, where Kramer—better known as serial killer Jigsaw—unleashes his revenge and bloody torture games once again.
Saw X takes place between the events of Saw (2004) and Saw II (2005). Desperate and sick, John Kramer (Tobin Bell) travels to Mexico to undergo an experimental and very risky treatment in the hopes of curing his deadly cancer. However, the entire operation turns out to be a fraud to deceive the most vulnerable. Filled with rage and a lurid new purpose, his new victims will face the most ingenious, deadly and torturous traps in a visceral and ruthless game.
Actresses Renata Vaca, Paulette Hernández and actors Octavio Hinojosa and Joshua Okamoto are part of the Mexican cast who will try to survive the games that Jigsaw has in store for them in Mexico City. Saw X director Kevin Greutert, who was the editor of six Saw films and also directed Saw VI and Saw VII 3D, says that the idea in the original script was initially for the movie to be filmed in Prague and Bulgaria, but ultimately Mexico was a “great choice,” and he could not imagine another version of the film without Mexican actors.
Renata Vaca in the role of Gabriela.Alexandro Bolaños Escamilla (Lionsgate)
“There’s such mythology, the city is so amazing, and we can’t say enough about it. There’s something creepy about it, a certain history; it absolutely worked for us. I’m sure everyone knows that, but it’s the first time we’ve ever said where we are in a movie [in the Saw franchise]. And we really stand behind that,” Greutert says.
Renata Vaca, 24, who is also a musician, says she was 9 years old when she first watched Saw in the U.S. She saw it with her uncle, a fan of horror movies. Billy, the puppet, Jigsaw’s avatar in the films, caught her attention. “My uncle told me, ‘Dude, don’t wuss out on me.’ So, we saw it, and I was really scared. But look, it’s intense, and now here we are.” The actress, who will soon appear with Yalitza Aparicio and Diego Calva in Midnight Family, emphasizes that the film is like a trip back to the Mexico of 20 years ago, which can be seen in certain details like the clothing and yesteryear’s green and white cabs. “I had to do a lot of research for the role. It’s cool because you’ll feel like you’re in 2000s-era Mexico,” she says.
Joshua Okamoto in the role of Diego.Lionsgate
Okamoto, who was in the sequel to Sexo, pudor y lágrimas (Sex, Shame & Tears) and has Netflix and HBO Max projects in the works, admits that he hadn’t had a chance to see Saw before he was cast in the film. However, he does remember the Saw promotional poster and how it was illustrated: it had the piece of a calf with a foot and the fragment of a hand. “I felt very frightened when I saw the poster, and it left a very unpleasant feeling in my chest and stomach,” he recalls.
The first Saw film began with touches of gore and, according to several specialists, it later evolved into torture porn, because it uses violence to titillate the audience as if they were experiencing a sexual act.
In Saw X, Mexico becomes another character and influences different aspects of the narrative. “One of the great successes of this latest installment is that they manage to portray Mexico as another character. You can feel the city in the background, the textures, the colors. We are not only a country…there is a very folkloric culture, from the rituals of the Aztecs onward [and] some elements naturally sneak into the plot. In the traps, there are also, let’s say mythological, references that are part of urban legends, iconography, evidence of pre-Hispanic influences,” Okamoto explains.
Octavio Hinojosa in the role of Mateo.Lionsgate
With the exception of Octavio Hinojosa, none of the actors had ever been in a horror film before. All three agree that the biggest challenge in this film was keeping their emotions at full throttle during the 12-hour call. “That’s screaming, running, sweating, hyperventilating. The most difficult thing was to sustain those states,” says Okamoto. Vaca agrees with him: “You have to be all in, with your entire body, [and be] very open to what is happening in the moment, because sometimes what happens goes beyond what you had thought.”
“It was like doing theater… being there all the time, being seen all the time. It was very tiring, very exhausting. Emotions become real when they go through one’s body. There’s a part of you that says, ‘I’m in a [fictional story],’ but you do get upset. You do get scared. You do cry and you do experience it. That is very, very exhausting, but we actors are a little masochistic; we enjoy being on the edge of emotions, and at the end of a call, when you do things right you say: ‘Very good, I did it. That’s great,’” Hinojosa concludes.
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“The Creator”: A Glimpse Into A Future Defined By Artificial Intelligence (AI) Warfare
By Cindy Porter
In “The Creator” visionary director Gareth Edwards thrusts us into the heart of a dystopian future, where the battle lines are drawn between artificial intelligence and the free Western world.
Set against the backdrop of a post-rebellion Los Angeles, the film grapples with pressing questions about the role of AI in our society.
A Glimpse into a Future Defined by Artificial Intelligence (AI) Warfare
While the narrative treads familiar ground, it is timely, given the rising prominence of artificial intelligence in our daily lives.
A Fusion of Genres
Edwards embarks on an ambitious endeavor, blending elements of science fiction classics with contemporary themes.
The result is a cinematic stew reminiscent of James Cameron’s “Aliens” tinged with shades of “Blade Runner” a dash of “Children of Men,” and a sprinkle of “Akira” This concoction, while intriguing, occasionally veers toward familiarity rather than forging its own distinct identity.
Edwards’ Cinematic Journey
The British filmmaker, known for his foray into doomsday scenarios with the BBC docudrama “End Day” in 2005, has traversed a path from indie gem “Monsters” (2010) to the expansive Star Wars universe with “Rogue One” (2016).
“The Creator” marks another bold step in his repertoire. The film introduces compelling concepts like the posthumous donation of personality traits, punctuated by impactful visuals, and raises pertinent ethical dilemmas. It stands as a commendable endeavor, even if it occasionally falters in execution.
Navigating Complexity
In his pursuit of depth, Edwards at times stumbles into the realm of convolution, leaving the audience grappling with intricacies rather than immersing in the narrative.
While adept at crafting visual spectacles and orchestrating soundscapes, the film occasionally falters in the art of storytelling.
In an era where classic storytelling is seemingly on the wane, some may argue that this approach is emblematic of the times.
AI: Savior or Peril?
“The Creator” leaves us with a question that resonates long after the credits roll: Will artificial intelligence be humanity’s salvation or its undoing? The film’s take on machine ethics leans toward simplicity, attributing AI emotions to programmed responses.
This portrayal encapsulates the film’s stance on the subject – a theme as enigmatic as the AI it grapples with.
“The Creator”
Director: Gareth Edwards. Starring: John David Washington, Gemma Chan, Madeleine Yuna Boyles, Ken Watanabe. Genre: Science fiction. Release Year: 2023. Duration: 133 minutes. Premiere Date: September 29.
– A breakout hit, “Monsters” showcases Edwards’ talent for blending intimate human drama with towering sci-fi spectacles. Set in a world recovering from an alien invasion, it’s a poignant tale of love amidst chaos.
2. “Rogue One” (2016)
– Edwards helms this epic Star Wars installment, seamlessly integrating new characters with the beloved original trilogy. It’s a testament to his ability to navigate complex narratives on a grand scale.
3. “End Day” (2005)
– This BBC docudrama marked Edwards’ entry into the world of speculative storytelling. Presenting five doomsday scenarios, it set the stage for his later exploration of dystopian futures.
4. “The Creator” (2023)
– Edwards’ latest venture, “The Creator,” immerses audiences in a future fraught with AI warfare. While not without its challenges, it boldly tackles pertinent questions about the role of artificial intelligence in our lives.
5. Potential Future Project
– As Edwards continues to push the boundaries of speculative cinema, audiences eagerly anticipate his next cinematic endeavor, poised to be another thought-provoking addition to his illustrious filmography.
“The Creator” stands as a testament to Gareth Edwards’ unyielding vision and his penchant for exploring the frontiers of speculative cinema.
While it doesn’t shy away from the complexities of AI, it occasionally falters in navigating its intricate narrative.
As we peer into this cinematic crystal ball, we’re left with a stark question: Will artificial intelligence be our beacon of hope, or will it cast a shadow over humanity’s future? Only time will unveil the answer.
We Can’t Thank You Enough For Your Support!
— By Cindy Porter
— For more information & news submissions: info@VoiceOfEU.com
Men do not carry purses; that much is clear. In the last century or two they have carried wallets, briefcases, satchels or backpacks, always associated with their activity or profession, but never a purse, a bag with straps or handles full of their personal effects. Perhaps that is why, nowadays, a man hanging a purse from his shoulder unleashes some kind of physical phenomenon, a whirlwind of comments, raised eyebrows and criticism that, depending on the protagonist’s profile, can become more or less violent.
The case of some celebrities is different (just take a look at examples like actor Jacob Elordi and his Bottega Veneta Cassette Bag, or singer Harry Styles with his Gucci Jackie); after all, they live in another plane of existence and can do whatever they want. But why can they carry a purse and regular people can’t? Why is it so difficult to find an ordinary citizen who has incorporated a handbag into their daily life? Don’t they need to carry Kleenex, glasses, a charger, eye drops or any personal items?
British singer Harry Styles with a Gucci bag.
The fact is that men’s bags went out of fashion more than 300 years ago, right around the time when pants began to become tight and one of the most practical inventions in the history of clothing became a regular feature: pockets. Up until then, men did carry bags, as ornate and spectacular as their social position demanded. “From classical antiquity to the Renaissance, small bags were a common accessory for men and women to carry coins,” explains Rosa Moreno Laorga, trend analyst, fashion consultant, teacher of art and fashion and sociology of fashion at the European Institute of Design in Madrid, Spain and author of Hacer de lo cotidiano un ritual contemporáneo: Ensayo sobre el origen de las tendencias (Turning the Everyday into a Contemporary Ritual, An Essay on the Origin of Trends). In fact, for much of history men were the ones who carried the purse, as they were the ones who carried the money. Women did not need one because they did not venture too far from home.
An independent accessory
At the end of the 19th century, the Rational Dress Society was founded in London. Along with the burgeoning women’s suffrage movement, it argued that women’s independence could not be achieved in a tight-fitting, pocketless dress. True liberation required loose clothing that allowed freedom of movement and pockets to keep necessities close at hand — including a revolver, if necessary. The movement did not address the matter of purses, but fashion knew how to read the times and when at the end of the century women were allowed to travel alone, Louis Vuitton began to sell large bags for women, positioning their products as a sign of female independence. They had compartments and zippers and radiated luxury.
The 20th century gave an important boost to the purse as a feminine accessory. In February 1955, Gabrielle Chanel created the 2.55 (a name inspired by the date of its creation). The bag, merely 7.5 inches long, was made of black padded leather with three pockets inside, two at both ends and a smaller one in the middle to store lipstick. That was the first modern handbag, a pioneer that included a revolutionary detail: two chains made of flat metal links that freed up the hands. That model, which continues to be reinvented today in different finishes, colors and materials, is still the French firm’s best-seller.
Jacob Elordi.
In the 1980s, when women entered the workplace en masse, they adopted men’s clothing (blazers, suits, pants). That was not only a practical decision, but also a reflection of the time (there were hardly any models of female leadership to draw inspiration from, or any corporate uniform comparable to the men’s suit). Work-related films of that era clearly reflect this aesthetic: while Melanie Griffith carried a huge brown leather bag all the way to the office in Working Girl (she needed something to carry the high heels she would wear at the office instead of the Reebok sneakers she arrived in), none of Tom Cruise’s bosses in The Firm had to carry anything in their hands. They simply did not need it: they had assistants — all women — to carry things for them.
The image of a man in a suit with nothing in his hands became the picture of success. Will we have to wait for the balance of power to shift for good before they are the ones to adopt feminine clothing as a symbol of power? Will those feminine items remain imbued with a certain disempowerment until then? Ana Velasco Molpeceres, journalist, professor at the Complutense University of Madrid and historian specialized in communication and fashion, who recently published Ropa vieja: Historia de las prendas que vestimos (Old Clothes: The History of the Clothes We Wear) finds in history the answers to why men still do not use purses: “Since the 19th century, bags have been associated with women. Therefore, they are categorized as a feminine accessory. For women, carrying a bag simply means being dressed like a woman and being able to carry their things comfortably. For men, carrying a bag means adopting a garment that is ‘problematic,’ because it is gendered.”
A symbol of male liberation?
Today, the big luxury brands are determined to get men to carry bags. Could this accessory become a symbol of male liberation, overcoming some stereotypes about how a man is supposed to act, dress and present himself to the world? Many young men, men involved in fashion and men who do not dress according to gender conventions do use it, but it is a minority.
“Without a doubt, breaking the norm regarding what is traditionally feminine or masculine always entails a new vision and a clear evolution in terms of the perception of conventional roles. These changes help to get rid of many limiting, harmful stereotypes, and I think using fashion as a tool that helps us be free is always commendable. A purse can be a symbol that helps us break the molds instead of fitting into them; don’t forget that Chanel and Yves Saint Laurent were the first to break sexual dimorphism by migrating garments from the male to the female wardrobe, thus creating new ways of being in the world for the women who took part in this transformation,” reflects Moreno Laorga.
Fashion is considered a language within an evolving culture; perhaps that is why it has been championing genderless styles and garments for several years now. We see artists, music stars and models carrying handbags at events and red carpets. Still, the reactions we see on social media reveal that, in some particularly conservative sectors, a man walking around with a bag is still not widely accepted.
“Gender roles continue to have a key and important weight in the media, advertising, movies and more. At first, an image whose pieces are not as expected is always disruptive, in this case a handbag (which is traditionally associated with the female universe) in the hands of a straight, cis man, but time will normalize the use of this accessory, in case it becomes popular and enters the norm,” says Moreno Laorga.
David Beckham in Paris in 2022.
“Soccer players and other men wear sling bags, because they are part of the culture of luxury and opulence. In their case, carrying a bag is masculine because, in their iconography, it is something expensive and branded. It is associated with power. Just like jewelry or exaggerated hairstyles and aesthetics [tattoos],” explains Velasco Molpeceres.
“Currently, the trend towards genderless fashion leads us to think that whether it is a woman or a man, the symbolic weight of this accessory will be associated with its appearance, the value of the materials, the design style… aspects related to the object itself, more than the gender of the person who wears it. A good example of this is Telfar, the New York fashion brand that has managed to elevate its unisex bags to the category of icons by using this discourse,” says this expert.
Handbags belong to a category of accessories that respond to a certain functionality; a functionality that, in certain cases (as in the example of JW Anderson’s viral clutch bags that look like pigeons, cushions and more), evolves to the point of becoming decoration, points out Moreno Laorga. “Perhaps in the future, the handbag will go from being a container of belongings to a container of identities; a non-verbal language tool that serves to express aspects about the person who carries it and how they decide to carry it,” she says. Maybe, in the future, a bag will not aggravate people so much.